Maastricht

Progress and Prospect of the Implementation of Maastricht Treaty

欧盟实施马约的进展及前景

He also taught for long spells at Maastricht University and the University of Tilburg.

他也曾在荷兰马斯特里赫特大学和蒂尔堡大学任教相当长一段时间。

After violating the Maastricht Treaty in 2003, for example, Germany and France easily reneged and no fines were paid.

例如，2003年违反《马斯特里赫特条约》（maastricht treaty）后，德国和法国很轻松就予以了否认，没有支付任何罚金。

If the euro is to remain a viable currency across the eurozone, members must behave in the responsible manner contemplated in the Maastricht treaty.

要想让欧元继续在整个欧元区继续存在下去，各成员国就必须像《马斯特里赫特条约》（maastricht treaty）中预想的那样，以负责任的态度行事。

The Maastricht rules in effect prevent deficit financing of state welfare.

《马斯特里赫特条约》实际上反对在政府福利上实施赤字财政。

Indeed, if you look at these figures, China also meets all the Maastricht criteria.

你们看一看这些数据, 便会发觉中国实际上符合《马城条约》的所有规定.

The European Union's Maastricht treaty is in keeping with these arrangements: it prohibits the ECB from buying bonds directly from member governments, but not from buying them on the secondary market.

欧盟的《马斯特里赫特条约》有如下规定：禁止欧央行直接购买成员国国债，但可在二级市场上购买。

In order to join the euro a country must be a member of the European Union and be able to pass economic tests set out by the Maastricht Treaty.

只有欧盟的成员国在通过马斯特里赫特条约设定的经济测试后才有资格加入欧元区。

The currency had a common central bank but no common treasury – unavoidable given that the Maastricht treaty was meant to bring about monetary union without political union.

欧元有一个共同的央行，但没有共同的财政部&鉴于《马斯特里赫特条约》（Maastricht treaty）的本意是在不缔结政治联盟的条件下，创建一个货币联盟，这种情况是不可避免的。

Selexyz made its proposal in2002, and worked with the city council of Maastricht and Entre Deux for the next four years before its opening in2006.

希莱克斯于2002年递交了方案，接下来又跟马斯特里赫特市议会和中间购物中心一起忙碌了四年，这才于2006年开张营业。

The picture was taken in South Georgia by Sjoerd van Berge Henegouwen, 45, a criminal defence lawyer from Maastricht in The Netherlands said:' I kind of got the feeling that the parent penguin was worried about the chick being so late in the season with its moulting process.

照片的拍摄地点是南乔治亚岛，45岁的摄影师Sjoerd来自荷兰马斯特里赫特市，是位刑事辩护律师。他表示：“我感觉企鹅妈妈好像是在担心自己的孩子，因为正值企鹅的换羽时节，但小企鹅明显发育比较迟缓。”

Fairs now account for about 40 percent of gallery sales by value, and as collectors flock to destination bazaars in places like Paris, London, New York, Miami and Maastricht in the Netherlands, dealers, museum curators and art-world groupies follow.

如今，艺术展览会上的销售额约占画廊销售额的40%，收藏家们集中在巴黎、伦敦、纽约、迈阿密和荷兰的马斯特里赫特（Maastricht）这些地方的大市场；交易商、策展人和艺术界的“骨肉皮”们亦随之而来。

That could be accomplished by converting most sovereign debt into Eurobonds; countries would then have to issue their own bonds with collective action clauses and pay the risk premium only on the amounts exceeding the Maastricht criteria.

要实现这一点，可以将大多数主权债务转化为欧元债券；这样一来，各国将不得不发行自己的附带集体行动条款的债券，仅对超过《马斯特里赫特条约》（maastricht）标准的债务支付风险溢价。

The Amsterdam Treaty in 1997 further strengthened conditions of the Maastricht agreement.

1997年签订阿姆斯特丹条约,更深化马斯垂克条约之规定事项.

From 1990s on, the Maastricht Treaty being into operation, establishment of the North American Free Trade Area ( NAFTA), increase of European Union member countries and issue of Euro, all of which have indicated a deeper development of world economic integration.

90年代以来，马约的正式生效、北美自由贸易区的建立和欧盟成员的增加以及欧元的启动，标志着世界经济一体化的进一步发展。

On the 1st November 1993 the European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy was formally established in Maastricht Pact as a result of the gradual development of the European political integration.

1993年11月1日，《马斯特里赫特条约》正式确立了欧盟共同外交与安全政策，这一政策的确立是欧盟政治一体化逐步发展的结果。

The fierce campaign by several anti-Maastricht movements has been gaining ground.

几个 反 马斯特里赫特运动团体组织的激烈运动不断发展壮大着.

In 1992 Maastricht Treaty established a monetary union without a political union.

1992年,《马斯特里特赫条约》(theMaastrichtTreaty) [注1]在缺少政治联盟的条件下建立了货币联盟.

The Maastricht Treaty established a monetary union without a political union a central bank, but no central treasury.

《马斯特里赫特条约》（maastricht treaty）建立了货币联盟（央行），但没有建立政治联盟（中央财政部）。

The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 was the final step in the construction of the European edifice.

1992年的《马斯特里赫特条约》（maastricht treaty），是这座欧洲大厦建造过程中的最后一步。

The Federal Reserve Act is much easier to change than the Maastricht treaty.

联邦储备法较马斯特里赫特条约更容易改变.

The original construction of the euro postulated that members would abide by the limits set by Maastricht.

欧元最初的结构要求各成员国遵照《马斯特里赫特条约》设定的限制。

Based on the reasonable parts of the two integration theories, the authors try to set up a new analytical framework on the political patterns and its mechanism after the Maastricht Treaty.

本文试图在吸取两种一体化理论的合理部分的同时，建构一种分析欧盟《马斯特里赫特条约》生效后欧盟政治形态和运作机制的新框架。

In the1990s many made strenuous efforts, through fiscal tightening, wage restraint and product-and labour-market reforms, to qualify under the Maastricht treaty's criteria for euro membership.

在上世纪90年代的危机中，许多国家都热心采取大量措施，通过收紧银根，限制工资和进行产品劳力市场改革，以望满足马斯特里赫特协议要求的加入欧元区所需条件。

The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 banned bail-outs, but you have yourself authorised two agreements allowing them: the temporary rescue fund and the permanent European stability mechanism, whose legality our constitutional court is considering at the moment.

1992年的《马斯特里赫特条约》禁止紧急救助行为，但我们已经达成了建立两个纾困组织的协议：临时援救基金和欧洲稳定机制，我国制宪法庭正在对其合法性进行审议。

In Maastricht Pact signed in 1992, the European Community put forward the Common Foreign and Security Policy ( CFSP) formally. Nevertheless, in practice, this policy have been acting fruitlessly and meeting with a lot of obstruction.

在1992年签订的《马斯特里赫特条约》中欧共体各国正式提出了共同外交与安全政策，然而该政策在实践中却一直表现乏力，阻碍重重。

In 1992 Denmark failed to ratify the Maastricht Treaty, but then did so in a second vote in 1993.

就如同就如同丹麦于1992年否决马斯垂克条约，但是于1993年第二次投票通过。

She wrote two volumes of her memoirs while remaining active in politics, campaigning against the Maastricht Treaty and condemning the Serbian policy of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia.

她著有两本回忆录，同时还活跃在政界，开展各种活动反对《马斯特里赫特条约》，并谴责塞尔维亚在波斯尼亚的种族清洗政策。

I remember quipping, back when the Maastricht Treaty setting Europe on the path to the euro was signed, that they chose the wrong Dutch city for the ceremony.

记得当年签订那份将欧洲送上欧元之路的马斯特里赫特协议时，我曾经开玩笑说过，他们选择了一个错误的荷兰城市举办签字仪式。

The model is the opt-out from the social chapter that John Major secured in the Maastricht treaty.

这样有约翰？梅杰应对《马斯特里赫特条约》中社会政策的成功先例。