adjudications

perhaps the most distinctive feature of many administrative adjudications is the substitution of written evidence for direct oral testimony.

大概，许多行政裁决的最显著的特点是用书面证据代替直接的口头证言。

Many administrative decisions, including those made in formal adjudications, involve highly technical issues.

许多行政裁定, 包括那些正式裁决, 都牵扯高度复杂的技术问题.

Early experiments in using rulemaking to streamline adjudications were initiated by licensing agencies.

利用规则制定来精简审断的早期尝试是由发放许可证的机关开创的.

administrative adjudications system of urban housing demolition is an important way to solve the disputes.

城市房屋拆迁行政裁决制度是解决拆迁纠纷的重要途径。

Administrative agencies are not designed to function like courts, however, and even in formal adjudications the process of decision may be much different from the judicial model.

然而行政机关的设计意图并非使其像法院那样地起作用，即使是在正式的裁定中，决定的程序与司法模式也有着天壤之别。

In administrative adjudications , however, the crucial evidence is usually opinion testimony.

然而在行政裁决里, 关键证据通常是意见证据.

The parallel proceedings will make the same case forming several adjudications and cannot get a reasonable execution. It will make the cases returned to nonsense and result in enormous burden to parties and the court.

平行诉讼又会使同一案件形成了多份判决且得不到合理的执行，使许多案件的审理归于无意义，对当事人和法院也造成了巨大的负担。

in administrative adjudications, however, the crucial evidence is usually opinion testimony.

然而在行政裁决里，关键证据通常是意见证据。

Unlike adjudications, rulemaking proceedings are generally not accusatory;

与审判不同，规则制定程序一般不是指控性的；

Beneath these surface similarities, however, there are significant differences between judicial and administrative adjudications.

然而, 在这些表面的相似背后,在司法和行政裁决之间有着重大的不同.

He might be respited by the adjudication in respect of the relatively slender criminal context.

由于犯罪情节较轻,他有可能被判缓刑.

In broad outline, the form of many agency adjudications resembles that of a court trial.

从粗线条看, 许多行政机构裁决形式类似于法院审判形式.

Formal adjudications under the APA are sometimes called " evidentiary hearings, " " full hearings, " or " trial-type hearings. "

《行政程序法》规定的正式裁决有时被称为 " 提供证据的听证 ", " 全面听证 ",或 " 审判 式 听证 ".

Agency adjudications frequently affect competitors, customers, suppliers, or employees of a regulated company.

机关的裁决经常影响竞争者 、 顾客 、 供应商或受调整的公司的雇员.

In this respect, the proceeding was functionally similar to a comparative licensing adjudication.

在这一点上, 手续在作用上即类似于比较许可证发放的裁断.

This is particularly true in administrative adjudications, where an agency passes upon the legality of private conduct. The arbitrative examination and determination by the administrative departments for measurement of the next higher people's governments shall be final.

在行政裁定时，如机关认可私人行为的合法性，情况尤为如此。上一级人民政府计量行政部门进行的仲裁检定为终局仲裁检定。

The passivity of adjudicative power is capable of preventing a judges peremptoriness effectively and ensuring fair adjudications.

司法权的被动性能有效防止审判权的专横擅断，确保裁判公正。