externality

The special cost structure of information goods, high fixed cost and low marginal cost, makes the information goods hold suppliers 'economy of scale, and the network externality of information goods make it hold demanders' economy of scale.

信息产品的高固定成本、低边际成本的特殊成本结构使信息产品具有巨大的供方规模经济性；而信息产品的网络外部性又使信息产品具有需方规模经济性。

The root of above mentions issues lies in the externality of environmental cost.

环境成本外部化是这些问题的根源.

A Study on Product Differentiation with Network Externality and Endogenous Production Costs

成本内生时具有网络外部性的产品差异化

Based on the analysis of economy externality of pollution and the control measure, the paper analyzes the game and the behavior of the regulator and the polluters.

本文在环境污染的经济外部性和一般消除对策分析的基础上，通过分析环境管制过程中管制者和被管制者之间的博弈对策和行为，说明了惩罚的轻重程度导致的结果决然不同。

The damage caused by second-hand smoke in pubs is not an externality.

在酒吧中,二手烟造成的伤害不属于外部性.

There is no negative externality there: they've knowingly taken the risk.

这就不存在负外部性的问题,因为他们对风险是知情的.

Reverse logistics has positive externality on account of its feature of quasi-public goods.

逆向物流具有准公共物品的特征,由此决定了它还具有正外部效应和负外部效应.

In the view of internal conditions, it puts an emphasis on externality and embeddedness.

从集群内部条件出发, 论文重点分析了临港产业集聚中的外部性与根植性.

Economic Analysis on Network Externality, Specific Investment and Market Competition of China's Mobile Market

网络外部性、专用性资产与网络市场竞争的经济学分析&以中国移动产业为例

SWCFs are quasi-public goods which has strong externality and monopoly with double nature of public resource and club goods in certain territorial scope.

小型水利是在一定地域范围内具有公共资源与俱乐部物品双重性质的准公共物品，并且具有较强的外部性与垄断性。

This thesis researches development strategy of Third-Party Payment based on E-Business theories, network externality and two sided market theory.

本文依据电子商务一般规律，根据网络外部性、双边市场理论，分析第三方支付平台的业务发展策略。

Keywords: ahazard potency of debris flow, externality, cost-benefit analysis.

关键词: 土石流特定水土保持区 、 外部性 、 成本效益 分析.

Analysis on the Product Differentiation and Export Tax Policy with Network Externality

存在网络外部性下的产品出口税收政策与差异化策略分析

Economic Analysis on the Negative Externality of Forest Tourism

森林旅游负外部性的经济学分析

The results show that the intensity of network externality and scale of the installed base have great influence on the decision of the dominant producer when the dominant producer faces the threat of the cooperative behavior of the fringes.

结果表明，在从属厂商技术联盟等联合反击行为的影响下，网络外部性的强弱以及厂商的用户基础规模决定了主导厂商的策略选择。

In the technology transfer of Multi-National Company ( MNC ) , there's externality, which means technology spillover effect.

跨国公司 在技术转移中存在着外部性―溢出效应.

The problem of environmental pollution roots in the characteristic of public goods and negative externality.

环境污染问题根源于公共物品性和负外部性.

The behavior in pursuit of self-interest maximization of Local government has obvious externality in regional economic activities.

在区域经济活动中，地方政府追求自身利益最大化的行为会产生明显的外部性。

A Study of the Negative Externality of Tourism Consumption

旅游消费的外部不经济性问题研究

Accounting Information Externality, Resource Control and Auditor Rotation Regulation

会计信息外部性、资源控制权与审计师轮换规制

The former includes such theories as those of Institution School and Keynesianism, and the latter includes such theories as Externality Theory and the Theory of Imperfect Competition.

前者主要包括制度学派和凯恩斯主义的理论，后者包括外部性理论和不完全竞争理论等多种。

Compared with market externality, regulation externality may affect allocation, stabilization, distribution and growth efficiency o.

与市场外部性比较, 规制外部性可能影响配置 、 稳定 、 分配和增长.

New classical economics presented by Xiao Yang pushes the study of the externality theory to a higher stage.

以杨小凯为代表的新兴古典经济学利用内生交易成本与外生交易成本之间的矛盾来分析外部性问题，将外部性理论研究推推进到了一个新高度。

Second, we discuss the vertical integration in the context of indirect network externality under the hypothesis of fitting/ assembled product and the industrial structure of upstream monopoly with downstream oligopoly.

其次，本文以上游垄断、下游双寡头竞争的市场结构为前提，分析了在配件/整机范式下，间接网络外部性对纵向兼并的影响。

Please explain the definition of network externality and its classification.

试解释网络外部性的概念及其分类.

With every news report , the externality dimension of environmental problems seems to become clearer.

新闻曝光使污染问题的外延型更加清晰.

However, the negative externality of the over urbanization can counteract the effect of the investment.

而且过度城市化的负面效应会抵消投资所带来的效应.

Appraisal of the Eco-materials and Externality Analysis

环境材料的评价与外部性理论分析

Pollution is considered as a form of negative externality in economic growth.

摘要环境污染是经济增长过程中的“负产品”.

Outsourcing Model for Pollution Control Business During Externality Control

外部性控制中污染业务的外包模式