Hyperkeratotic nail discoid lupus erythematosus evolving towards systemic lupus erythematosus: Therapeutic difficulties

On Dec 31, 2002, biopsy of cutaneous lesions on left forearm showed hyperkeratosis of epidermis, parakeratosis, severe edema of dermal papillae, intensive infiltration of mature neutrophil in dermis, nuclear dust and capillary telangiectasia.

2002年12月31日左前臂皮损部位行活检，病理活检报告：表皮角化过度，角化不全，真皮乳头高度水肿，真皮密集的成熟中性粒细胞浸润，有核尘，并可见毛细血管扩张。

The skin biopsy showed hyperkeratosis of the stratum corneum and intracorneal and subcorneal cleft containing polymorphonuclear leucocytes, sparse eosinophils, and keratinous debris with mild edema of the epidermis and papillary dermis.

组织病理学检查：角化过度、角质层内及角质层下裂隙，角质层内可见变性坏死的中性粒细胞和角蛋白碎屑，棘层细胞及真皮乳头层轻度水肿，嗜酸性粒细胞少见。

The skin biopsy showed hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia of granular layer and liquefaction degeneration of basal cells in the epidermis with band-shaped infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and melanophages in the superficial dermis.

组织病理检查为表皮角化过度，颗粒层增厚，基层灶性液化变性，真皮浅层可见带状炎症细胞浸润。

Fire acupuncture group: The model group, the auricular surface of the skin thickened stratified squamous epithelium reduced hair follicle expansion, within the hair follicle hyperkeratosis had been improved, interstitial congestion and infiltration of inflammatory cells disappeared.

火针治疗组：与模型组对照，耳廓皮肤表面复层鳞状上皮增厚明显减轻，毛囊扩张、毛囊内过度角化均有所好转，间质充血以及炎性细胞浸润基本消失。

Model control group: rabbit ear model group stratified squamous epithelial surface of the skin thickening, was funnel-shaped expansion of some hair follicles, hair follicle hyperkeratosis, follicle wall damage, peripheral inflammatory cells infiltration.

模型对照组：模型组兔耳廓皮肤表面复层鳞状上皮增厚，部分毛囊扩张呈漏斗状，毛囊内角化过度，毛囊壁破损，周围可见炎性细胞浸润。

In the second stage, white spots appear mixed up with the black ( leucomelanosis), legs swell, and the palms and soles crack and bleed ( hyperkeratosis).

在第二阶段，白斑混杂著黑斑一起出现，也就是白黑变病；

The pathogenesis is not clear, including: excessive secretion of sebum, follicle sebaceous gland duct hyperkeratosis, Propionibacterium acnes proliferation and excessive immune reactions ect.

其发病机理尚不完全清楚，主要包括：皮脂分泌过多、毛囊皮脂腺导管的过度角化、痤疮丙酸杆菌增殖、过度的免疫反应等。

Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis accompanied by focal parakeratosis, vacuolar degeneration of basal layer and superficial dermal bandlike infiltration composed of lymphocytes, and also eosinophil and plasma cells.

组织病理改变主要为角化过度伴灶状角化不全，基底层液化变性，真皮浅层可见淋巴细胞大致呈带状分布，并可见嗜酸性粒细胞和浆细胞浸润。

Pathological changes of the abdomen showed hyperkeratosis and mild irregular acanthosis, the granular layer was thin and melanophage and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in upper dermis.

腹部皮损组织病理学检查示，表皮角化过度，颗粒层变薄，棘层不规则增厚，真皮浅层散在噬色素细胞，血管周围有淋巴细胞浸润。

Results The basic histological characteristics of seborrheic keratosis were hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and that the inferior end of tumor was paralled to normal epidermis.

结果脂溢性角化病的基本病理特征为角化过度、棘层肥厚、乳头状瘤样增生，肿瘤的下端与正常表皮平行。

Mice homozygous for the knock-in mutation displayed features of impaired growth and early senescence including muscle atrophy, atrophic skin with hyperkeratosis, reduced body fat, and osteoporosis.

KI小鼠出现生长阻滞及肌萎缩、皮肤过度角化、全身脂肪减少和骨质疏松等衰老表型。

Late yaws appears after five years of the initial infection and is characterized by disabling consequences of the nose, bones and palmar/ plantar hyperkeratosis.

雅司病晚期是在初期感染五年以后，特征是鼻子、骨头坏损，手掌/足底角化过度。

Note the overlying hyperkeratosis of the skin, which helps to produce the rough, red, scaling appearance seen grossly, and there is often ulceration.

值得注意的是皮肤过度角化，使其产生粗糙的红色起鳞屑外形，且常有溃疡。

A case of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans is reported.

报告1例持久性豆状角化过度症。

Proband also had special clinical feature including follicular hyperkeratosis on the elbows and knees, and onychodystrophy of20 nails as well.

先证者双肘膝关节毛囊角化性丘疹，足趾及跖部灶性胼胝样角化过度，20甲营养不良。

Epidermal changes consist of acanthosis, vacuolar degeneration, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis and necrosis.

上皮的变化包括棘细胞增生，空泡变性，不全角化，过度角化和坏死等。

86.4% of double skin change are hyperkeratosis with other signs and major are hyperkeratosis ⅰ° with depigmentation ⅰ°;

双体征皮肤改变以角化合并其他症状为主，主要是角化°并脱色°；

Conclusions Skin changes of arsenism begin from hyperkeratosis, next affected by depigmentation and hyperpigmentation.

结论地方性砷中毒皮肤改变从角化开始，先后出现脱色和色沉；

Objective To understand the situation of secondary skin cancer of hyperkeratosis of skin spot caused by coal burning type of arsenic poisoning.

目的了解燃煤型砷中毒皮肤角化点继发皮肤癌变的情况。

Obvious hyperkeratosis porokeratosis: a case report

显著角化过度型汗孔角化症1例