laser cooling

In laser cooling and trapping, the controllable force on the atom needs to be investigated.

在激光冷却与囚禁中, 需要对作用在原子上的压力进行研究.

In this paper, we first review the historical development of anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling, and briefly discuss the cyclical process of laser cooling and its cooling condition.

本文首先回顾了反斯托克斯荧光制冷的历史发展，简单讨论了激光制冷的循环过程及其制冷条件；

Review, Thermodynamic Analysis, and Prediction on Laser Cooling Technique

关于激光制冷技术的回顾、热力学分析与展望

Research on Laser Cooling in Thulium-Doped Materials

Tm~（3+）掺杂材料激光冷却的研究

The cesium atomic fountain used laser cooling and trapping is a new generation primary frequency standard.

应用激光冷却与囚禁的铯原子喷泉是新一代的频率基准.