lateral bending

Frame to take flexion and extension in patients after 3 months, lateral bending and rotation a good recovery.

取架3个月后患者颈部屈伸、侧屈和旋转功能恢复良好。

Simulate the lumbar spine front flexion, back extension, and left/ right lateral bending movement in the three-dimensional laser scanner, and the rotation motion in the vertical axis in the mechanical properties of biological materials tester.

在三维激光扫描仪上模拟腰椎的前屈后伸、左右侧弯运动，在生物材料力学特性试验仪上模拟腰椎在纵轴上的旋转运动。

Seven fresh young cadaveric specimens of whole cervical spine ( Occipital bone to C7) were used in the determination of the movements in flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending. Pure moments with a maximum of 1.5 N.

采用7例新鲜的青年颈椎标本（枕骨至C7），施加力偶最大为1.5Nm，使之产生前屈、后伸和左、右侧弯运动。

Conclussion: Spine without instability in the anterior and middle columes fixed with TLS increases significantly in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation stability, especially in rotation.

结论：在无明显前中柱不稳时，TLS固定后脊柱的前屈、后伸、侧弯和旋转的稳定性明显增加，尤其旋转增加较多；

Motions of flexion/ extension, lateral bending and axial rotation were produced by six pure moments with maximum of 10.0N · m and measured with stereophotogrammetry.

对标本施加最大为10.0N.m的力偶矩，使之产生前屈、后伸、左右侧屈和左右轴向旋转运动，并由双平面立体测量的计算机图像分析系统得到节段运动范围。

DIFS restored the ROM to 78%, 60%, 62% and 69% of the intact level in flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation.

DIFS在前屈、后伸、侧弯和旋转方向上分别将ROM恢复至完整状态水平的78%、60%、62%和69%。

Conclusion: Unilateral pedicle screws fixation cannot provide sufficient stability in lateral bending and axial rotation, pedicle screws endure more stress.

结论：单侧椎弓根螺钉固定不能很好地控制侧屈和旋转载荷，椎弓根螺钉承受较大的应力；

SINO restored the ROM to 10%, 25% and 33% of the intact level in flexion/ extension, lateral bending and rotation.

SINO系统在屈伸、侧弯和旋转方向上恢复ROM至10%、25%和33%。

Nondestructive tests were performed in pure compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation.

测定纵向压缩、屈曲、侧方弯曲、伸展及双向旋转刚度。

Result: The angular range of motion and neutral zone during flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation at C1-C2 after replacement with artificial atlanto-odontoid joint were proved no significantly difference as compared with intact spine.

结果：人工寰齿关节置换术后，屈伸、侧屈和旋转运动的中性区以及屈伸和侧屈运动范围较齿状突切除术后明显减小，各运动范围和中性区接近正常状态。

Lateral bending plus axial rotation yielded the highest increase in fiber strains, followed by axial rotation plus flexion or axial rotation plus extension.

在轴向旋转加屈曲或轴向旋转加伸展时，侧弯加轴向旋转是纤维强度增强的最大。

Lateral bending test of the specimens was performed to examine the physiological overload using an Instron 5 500 universal material testing machine at the constant speed of 10 mm/ minute until fracture or dislocation was induced.

以侧弯方式进行超生理负荷试验，损伤试验在Instron5500型万能材料试验机上以10mm/min的速度匀速度加载，直至标本发生骨折或脱位而屈服。

The stability with wire fixation was greater and equal to in flexion and in extension, lateral bending and axial rotation respectively.

棘突钢丝固定在前屈运动方向上可加强节段的稳定性，可恢复节段在后伸、侧弯和轴向旋转运动方向上的稳定性；

It not only has movable function of axial compression, but also has flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation.

既具有纵向弹性，又具有前屈、后伸、左右侧弯及旋转功能。