The force of instantaneous steady seepage results in the vertical stretching of the foundation under geomembrane and the lateral compression, which make the foundation in the state of pure shear stress with small volumetric compressive deformation, thus, the foundation cannot be reinforced effectively.
瞬时稳定渗流体力使膜下地基竖向拉伸、侧向受压,接近纯剪切应力状态,体积压缩变形较小,难以有效地加固地基。
some of the caves were open to the surface through steep entryways or vertical shafts stretching up to 160 feet.
其中的一些洞穴通过陡峭的入口通道或立井通向地面,深达160英尺。
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