refining steel

Studies on carbides granulation in austenite ( forged or reheated) of 45 steel through the technology of controlling cooling is carried out, and the refining or spheroidal structure of the spheroidal pearlite ( Ps) is obtained.

本文作者研究了45钢的奥氏体（锻后的或重新加热的）通过控制冷却技术，使其碳化物粒化，得到Ps型的调质或球化组织。

The refining ladle campaign life scored 37 heats. [ O] of bearing steel < 12 ppm and the cleanliness of the steel conies up to the world advanced level and therefore pronounced economical efficiency has been achieved.

精炼钢包寿命达37次，轴承钢经精炼后含氧量小于12ppm，钢的纯洁度达到国际先进水平，经济效益显著。

According to different ratio of raw materials for the refining of molten slag and steel temperature measurement balance test, analyzed and discussed refining slag basicity and components of the refining slag and steel melting temperature of inclusions morphology in the same Si 、 Mn deoxidization conditions.

按不同的原料配比进行了精炼渣的熔化温度测定和钢渣平衡试验，在相同的Si、Mn脱氧条件下，分析讨论了精炼渣碱度和组分对精炼渣熔化温度和钢中夹杂物形态的影响。

The paper describes the functions of secondary refining ( including hot metal treatment) and puts forward some related proposals based on the future development of continuous casting for production of quality sheet steel, tin plate and silicon sheet steel in Shanghai iron and steel industry.

本文针对上海钢铁工业今后发展优质薄板、镀锡板和硅钢片钢的连铸生产，论述了炉外精炼技术所起的作用，并提出了有关建议。

LF refining for open hearth furnace molten steel and application of the refractories

平炉精炼包冶炼工艺与耐火材料的应用

With the changes in blast furnace BOF continous casting process route and increasing demands in steel grade type and high class grades, Nippon Steel Corporation has made remarkable progresses in secondary refining.

新日铁的钢水二次精炼技术，随着高炉-转炉-全连铸的工艺变化及用户的多样化、高级钢的需求，二次精炼技术也取得了显著的进步。

Study on Lasting Stainless Steel Cathode in Copper Electrolytical Refining

铜电解精炼耐用型不锈钢阴极板的研制

Practice of refining steel grade 65 by converter process

转炉冶炼65钢生产实践

A New Technology of Controlling Cooling Refining and Controlling Cooling Spheroidizing for 45 Steel

45钢控冷调质及控冷球化新工艺

Effect of Adding Ceramic Particles on Grain Refining in Low-Carbon Microalloy Steel

熔化的微粒子粘在一起。外加陶瓷颗粒细化低碳微合金钢晶粒

By refining methods steels can be divided open-hearth furnace steel, converter steel, and electric furnace steel.

按冶炼方法,钢可分为 平炉 钢 、 转炉钢和电炉钢.