replication cycle

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) is a growth-regulated protein which coordinates events in DNA replication, DNA repair, cell cycle control and epigenetic inheritance. PCNA gene is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen，PCNA，PCNA）是一种生长调控蛋白，在DNA复制、修复、细胞周期调控、基因外遗传（epigenetic inheritance）等事件的协同机制中发挥重要功能。

In the previous research, the large surface antigen is strictly limited in liver, which plays a important role in tropism and replication cycle of HBV. To investigate the mechanism of transcriptional regulation and find unknown liver-specific transcriptional factor.

目前的研究认为表面抗原大蛋白的表达具有肝特异性，在HBV的嗜肝性及复制循环中扮演着重要角色。

In vitro analysis must be complemented by studies of the virus replication cycle in plants.

体外的分析必须辅之以植物体内病毒复制周期的研究.

Advance on drugs emerging targets in the HIV replication cycle

针对艾滋病毒复制周期新靶点的药物研究进展

Then various concentrations of polysaccharides were applied to different steps of virus replication cycle. Cytopathic effect ( CPE), methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) method and real time quantitative PCR were used as evaluation criterion.

选择不同剂量的刺参粘多糖作用于病毒增殖周期的多个环节，通过观察细胞病变（CPE）、MTT法检测病毒感染后活细胞存量、实时定量PCR检测HSV-1DNA作为评价指标；

Checkpoints respond to DNA damage and DNA replication block by arresting the cell cycle to provide time for repair and by inducing transcription of genes that facilitate repair. Until the damage was repaired, the cell processed into division cycle.

正常细胞发生DNA损伤或是合成阻断时，将通过细胞周期检查点阻滞在特定的细胞周期内，并诱导某些特殊的转录反应，直到损伤修复后才恢复正常分裂。