sham operation

Results of neuron apoptosis: Madder red neurons were detected in the ischemic region of rats in the ischemic reperfusion group and the cell spaces widen, which were not found in the sham operation group.

神经元凋亡检测结果：缺血再灌注模型组大鼠缺血区脑组织均发现了暗红色神经元，神经细胞间隙增宽。假手术组均未检测到以上现象。

This experiment takes 24 flap-eared Japanese white rabbits ( female and male rabbits each half) to be randomly divided into control group A ( sham operation group), control group B and treatment group C ( little dosage group), treatment group D ( more dosage group).

本实验取24只日本大耳白兔（雌雄各半）随机分成对照组A（假手术组），对照组B和治疗组C（小剂量组），治疗组D（大剂量组）。

METHODS: In sham operation group, an incision was made on rats' cervical skin and sutured.

方法：假手术组仅切开颈部皮肤后缝合切口。

Only spinal dura mater was exposed in the sham operation group, and then the wound was sewn.

假手术组仅显露硬脊膜，然后缝合伤口。

Consecutive 15d gavage administration, except the sham operation group, ligation of the left main coronary artery in rats.

连续14天灌胃给药，结扎除假手术组外大鼠左冠状动脉主干。

During the 2nd and 3rd days of water maze experiment, the time for the rat reaching terminal was significantly shortened in sham operation group, model plus traditional Chinese medicine group and model plus western medicine group as compared with model group ( P < 0.05).

第2天及第3天的水迷宫实验中，假手术组、模型加中药组、模型加西药组到达终点的时间明显短于模型组（P<0.05）。

The difference of interleukin-6 among stellate ganglion block group, sham operation group, physical saline group and blank comparison group does not have statistical significance ( P> 0.05);

星状神经节阻滞组与假手术组，生理盐水对照组与空白对照组组间差异无显著性（P>0.05）；

METHODS: A total of 160 Wister rats were divided into five groups, including electric needle group, medicine group ( NGF), handle needle group, model group and sham operation group.

方法：选用160只Wister大鼠，分电针组、药物组（NGF）、手针及模型、假手术组5组。

Results No microglia was found in the normal and sham operation groups.

结果：正常组和假手术组小胶质细胞未见显色。

Materials& methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups i.e, varicocele group ( VG) and sham operation group ( SOG). After three months, bilateral testes were removed to make ultrathin section and their mitochondria were isolated.

方法：将精索静脉曲张模型组（VG）和假手术组（SOG）Wistar大鼠于术后3个月，取双侧睾丸，制作超薄切片和分离线粒体，各指标测定按试剂盒说明书进行。

Sham operation group only received common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and external carotid artery of right side isolation.

假手术组：只游离右侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈外动脉。

METHOD: 52 female SD rats were allocated into 5 groups: SHAM, OVX, CEE3, TIP 100 and TIP 20. Except rats in SHAM group which were made sham operation, the other rats were bilaterally ovariectomized.

方法：52只雌性SD大鼠分为假手术、模型、尼尔雌醇（CEE3）、TIP100和TIP20共5组。

In contrast, none of chickens in a sham operation deeloped scoliosis.

相反, 所有进行假手术的小鸡都没有侧凸的发生.

However, there was not BrdU-positive cell in the sham operation group.

假手术组脑组织内未发现BrdU阳性细胞。

Sham operation group was same as model group in paralyzing and operation, but did not occlude double common carotid artery or inject with nitroprusside-Na.

假手术组的麻醉及手术过程与模型组相同，但不阻断颈总动脉、不注射硝普钠。

No rotary behavior appeared in the normal control group and sham operation group.

正常对照组、假手术组无旋转行为。

The normal group only did sham operation.

另10只作为正常组。

Results Serum osteo-calcium was significantly lower in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group ( P < 0.05).

结果去卵巢组血清骨钙素显著低于假手术组（P

METHODS: The experiment was conducted at the Staff Room of Neurobiology, Luzhou Medical College between September 2004 and January 2005. Sixty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: Sham operation group with 30 rats and ischemic/ reperfusion group with 30 rats.

方法：实验于2004-09/2005-01在泸州医学院神经生物学教研室进行。将雄性成年Wistar大鼠60只随机分为2组：假手术组30只和缺血再灌注组30只。

Sham operation group and osteoporosis model group received normal feeding.

假手术组和骨质疏松模型组正常饲养。

Results: The levels of serum endotoxin, lymphopoiesis and caspase-3 positive expression index in model group were obviously elevated than those of sham operation group, and percentage of HLA-DR was markedly lowered ( all P0.01).

结果：模型组大鼠血中内毒素水平、脾脏淋巴细胞增殖反应和caspase-3阳性细胞表达指数均较假手术组明显升高，脾脏HLA-DR百分比较假手术组明显降低（P均0.01）。

For the sham operation group, occlusion of superior mesenteric artery was omitted.

假手术组除不夹闭肠系膜上动脉外，其余手术过程均同肠缺血-再灌注组。

Sham operation group ligature was done in each vessel without blocking medium sized artery of cerebrum.

结扎各血管，不阻塞大脑中动脉。

The procedure to establish the sham operation group was similar to the operation group but without inserting thread into middle cerebral artery. The expression of MSK, caspase-3, and INOS in rat brain were measured by immunoblotting.

假手术组：只将线栓插到ECA、ICA分叉处，其余手术步骤同手术组。运用免疫印迹方法检测大鼠脑组织中MSK，Caspase-3和INOS的表达。

Sham operation was performed on the control group which was exposed to normal atmosphere.

对照组作假手术，置于自然空气中；