smallholders

because they are predominantly poor, smallholders are also more likely to experience adverse external shocks than higher income groups.

他们中主要是贫困小农，因而也比较高收入人群更有可能遭受外部的不利冲击。

indeed, it is not unusual for foreign investors to pay less tax than local smallholders.

事实上，对于投资者们比当地的小农户交更少的税并不罕见。

suppliers set up farms form leasing land from smallholders and hire these smallholders as agricultural worker at the farms;

供应商建立直营农场，租赁农户的耕地，雇佣农户生产。使农户转变为雇佣劳动者；

just as high oil prices help africa's petroleum economies, so higher prices for beans, cereals, dairy products and meat boost smallholders.

就像高油价带动了非洲石油经济，同样地，大豆、谷物、乳制品和肉类价格的上涨也推动了佃农的发展。

in response to this, smallholders have developed strategies for (ex ante) risk management and (ex post) risk coping.

为此，小农制定了（事前）风险管理和（事后）风险应对战略。

in mexico and parts of central america, as in colombia and peru further south but not in brazil, most coffee farmers are smallholders.

跟哥伦比亚、秘鲁以南（不包括巴西）一样，墨西哥和中美洲部分国家的大多数咖啡种植户都是小农。

and in africa, where governments are weak and smallholders are the main deforesters, they may be especially effective.

而且在政府羸弱、小农身为毁林主力的非洲，这类项目也许特别有效。

tens of millions of smallholders have invested in their own pumps so that they can extract water from shallow aquifers whenever they choose.

上千万的小农户自己出资买水泵，以便随时从浅表水层中抽水。

marx put forward a systematical discussion on the characteristics of smallholders.

马克思对小农的特点进行了系统的论述。

so traders and supermarkets may benefit commercial farmers more than smallholders.

所以从商人和超市获益的商业化农民远远超过小佃农。

the real remaining barrier is financing: impoverished smallholders lack creditworthiness to get market loans.

其余真正的障碍是融资问题：贫困的小农户不具备获得市场贷款的资信。

third, we need seeds and fertiliser for the planting season, especially for smallholders in poor countries.

第三，我们需要提供播种季节所需的种子和肥料，特别是穷国的小农生产者。

still, some anecdotal evidence, plus the general increase in food prices, suggests that smallholders are not responding enough.

一些传闻和粮食价格普遍上涨表明小细农并没有作出足够的回应。

Smallholders in many developing countries have been confronted by loss of access to credit and soaring prices for inputs.

小农在许多发展中国家已经面临亏损获得信贷和价格飙升的投入。

Many smallholders will be unable to afford the rent increases.

许多小农将无法支付增长的地租。

Smallholders using WeFarm send texts to an in-country shortcode for free.

利用WeFarm的小农户免费向一个国内短代码发送文本信息。

in order to increase negotiation power with supplier and supermarket , smallholders need set up their own organization.

为了增加自己的交涉力量，农户通过成立自己的组织，农民协会来维护自己的利益。

to increase connection between production of smallholders and market demands

增强小农户同需求市场之间的联系

to establish law to maintenance legality right of af suppliers and smallholders;

政府制定相应的法律条款，对供应商和小农户的合法权益进行保护；